Web-based ESL courses: A search for industry standards

%3Ch3+class%3D%22post-title+entry-title%22%3E%0D%0A+Web-based+ESL+courses%3A+A+search+for+industry+standards+%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22post-header%22%3E%0D%0A++%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22border-collapse%3A+separate%3B+color%3A+black%3B+font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%3B+font-size%3A+x-small%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+font-variant%3A+normal%3B+font-weight%3A+normal%3B+letter-spacing%3A+normal%3B+line-height%3A+normal%3B+orphans%3A+2%3B+text-indent%3A+0px%3B+text-transform%3A+none%3B+white-space%3A+normal%3B+widows%3A+2%3B+word-spacing%3A+0px%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23333333%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22border-collapse%3A+separate%3B+color%3A+black%3B+font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%3B+font-size%3A+x-small%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+font-variant%3A+normal%3B+font-weight%3A+normal%3B+letter-spacing%3A+normal%3B+line-height%3A+normal%3B+orphans%3A+2%3B+text-indent%3A+0px%3B+text-transform%3A+none%3B+white-space%3A+normal%3B+widows%3A+2%3B+word-spacing%3A+0px%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23333333%3B%22%3E%3Cdiv+class%3D%22journal%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B+margin%3A+0em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EISSN+1442-438X%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ECALL-EJ+Online%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EVol.+2%2C+No.+1%2C+2000+June%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22title%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+2em+5em%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch2%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3C%2Fh2%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22author%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+4em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+style%3D%22list-style-type%3A+none%3B+margin%3A+0em+0em+1em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em+0em+0em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22text-align%3A+right%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMike+Smith+%26amp%3B+Urai+Sal%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22text-align%3A+right%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EHorwood+Language+Centre%2C+The+University+of+Melbourne%2C+Australia%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22article%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EAbstract%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThis++paper+considers+the+criteria+that+should+be+used+when+assessing+an++online+language+school.+So+far%2C+there+have+been+very+few%2C+if+any%2C++discussions+of+online+language+schools+in+the+CALL+literature.+There+is+a++considerable+body+of+research+into+the+influence+of+technology+on+open++learning+and+distance+education+.+None+of+this%2C+however%2C+addresses+the++problem+that+faces+a+potential+learner+when+they+first+investigate+an++online+school.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESpecifically%2C++this+paper+proposes+a+framework+for+evaluating+online+webschool+sites.++It+discusses+a+number+of+these+sites+in+the+light+of+the+proposed++framework%2C+and+then+goes+on+to+describe+the+authors%27+attempts+to+enrol++into+a+number+of+them.+The+paper+concludes+by+looking+at+the+potential++problems+facing+the+schools+and+their+students%2C+and+concludes+that+the++concept+of+cyberschooling+is+still+at+too+early+a+stage+in+its++development+to+fulfil+the+promise+it+appears+to+hold.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIntroduction%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EA++recent+newspaper+article+in+the+Melbourne+newspaper%2C+The+Age+%287+Aug.++1999%29+entitled+%E2%80%98Teaching+by+the+minute%E2%80%99%2C+outlined+an+initiative+by+the++Australian+State+Government+of+Victoria+to+provide+online+tutorial++support+for+year+12+students+in+a+range+of+subjects.+Victoria%27s++Education+Department+has+entered+into+an+agreement+with+a+private++company+to+set+up+a+website+that+links+students+to+a+range+of+teachers%2C++each+accessible+by+email%2C+and+each+ready+to+provide+one-to-one+online++support+for+students+needing+help+with+their+assessment+tasks.+%28The+url++for+this+company+is%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldschool.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.Worldschool.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%OD%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThis++is+a+clear+indication+that+mainstream+education+is+beginning+to++recognise+the+viability+of+real-time+online+teaching%2C+and+that+web-based++delivery+of+some+forms+of+education+are+gaining+a+legitimacy+that+would++have+been+unthinkable+even+a+few+years+ago.+It+also+indicates+that+a++significant+sector+of+the+education+industry+considers+web-based++delivery+to+be+cost-effective.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++growing+legitimisation+of+web-based+education+coincides+with+a+growth++in+the+number+of+websites+that+claim+to+be+%E2%80%98virtual%E2%80%99+English+language++learning+centres.+Some+of+these+%E2%80%98virtual%E2%80%99+schools+are+free%2C+but+an++increasing+number+of+them+demand+payment+for+enrolment.+Many+of+them++claim+to+be+a+viable+alternative+to+face-to-face+teaching+for+students++who+cannot+or+will+not+attend+more+traditional+language+classes.++However%2C+a+lack+of+consistent+educational+standards+can+make+a+student%27s++choice+of+a+%E2%80%98cyberschool%E2%80%99+a+somewhat+hit-and-miss+affair.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EAs++web-based+learning+becomes+more+acceptable+within+the+wider+community%2C++and+the+number+of+cyberschools+increases%2C+it+will+be+necessary+for++teachers+and+learners+to+have+a+set+of+criteria+that+will+enable+them+to++evaluate+these+cyberschools.+This+paper+investigates+a+number+of++cyberschools+currently+available+on+the+Web+and+attempts+to+provide+some++initial+discussion+on+what+these+criteria+might+be.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EBackground%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EWhile++a+number+of+investigations+have+been+published+exploring+the+influence++of+technology+on+the+provision+of+open+learning+and+distance+education+%2C++and+while+many+of+these+studies+discuss+the+advantages+and++disadvantages+of+online+delivery+%28see%2C+for+instance%2C+Tella+1996%29%2C+none++of+them+address+the+problem+that+faces+a+potential+learner+when+they++first+investigate+an+online+school.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThere++appear+to+be+very+few+discussions+of+online+language+schools+as+such+in++the+literature.+The+%E2%80%98schools%E2%80%99+are+of+course+a+manifestation+of+distance++learning+and+so+it+may+be+useful+to+examine+them+in+the+context+of++distance+education.+Sussex+argues+that+there+are+strong+links+between++distance+learning+and+open+learning%2C+and+describes+the+major+features+of++both+forms+of+learning+thus%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eboth++distance+education+and+open-access+learning+involve+high+levels+of++student+control+and+direction+%E2%80%A6+And+both%2C+if+well+designed+and++delivered%2C+allow+students+to+learn+in+ways+that+make+reduced+demands+on+a++scarce+human+resource.%28Sussex%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESussex++goes+on+to+describe+how+in+the+previous+decade+an+increasing+number+of++institutions+had+begun+offering+undergraduate+language+courses+in+the++distance+mode.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EA+framework+for+evaluation%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESandery++outlines+a+number+of+positives+and+negatives+for+open+learning+which++are+particularly+valuable+starting+points+for+an+examination+of++cyberschool+sites%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EOn+the+positive+side%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eopen++learning+focuses+on+students+and+on+learning+outcomes+for+students++rather+than+inputs%2C+institutional+structures+and+teachers%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ean+open+learning+approach+makes+the+quality+of+courseware+and+student+support+structures+highly+visible+to+a+wide+audience%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ean+open+learning+approach+requires+that+assessment+requirements+be+explicit+before+a+course+is+commenced%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EOn+the+cautionary+side%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Emost+people+need+and+want+contact+with+other+people+as+part+of+their+learning+experiences%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Esome+externally+set+deadlines+and+other+structures+may+improve+the+learning+outcomes+for+most+students%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eopen++learning+approaches+require+study+and+other+skills+that+are+usually++acquired+in+more+structured+learning+environments+and+hence+may+be+more++applicable+to+mature+students%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ecourseware+development+and+delivery+systems+may+require+substantial+%E2%80%98up+front%E2%80%99+investment%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMethodology%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EWe++based+our+investigations+on+Sandery%27s+points%2C+and+set+out+to+discover++how+many+of+the+sites+exploited+the+positives+and+attempted+to+cope++actively+with+the+negatives.+In+our+evaluation+of+the+sites+we+looked++for+the+following%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ea+clearly+defined+syllabus+and+teaching+approach%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ethe+range+and+levels+of+learning+materials+offered%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eevidence+of+instruments+for+student+assessment%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ethe+ability+to+access+a+teacher+when+required%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ethe++quality+of+teaching+materials+including+the+design+of+teaching++materials%2C+adequate+variety+and+sufficient+workload+for+the+type+of++program+offered%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ethe+existence+of+any+form+of+face-to-face+teaching%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ethe+nature+of+help+available+for+students+%28not+only+for+ways+to+learn%2C+but+also+what+to+do+with+the+task+in+hand%29%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Evalue+for+money%2C+which+included+educationally+effective+materials+and+an+adequate+quantity+of+materials%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ean+indication+of+the+length+of+the+course.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EOur++investigations+were+in+three+stages%3A+%281%29+identify+a+number+of+suitable++cyberschools%3B+%282%29+assess+them+according+to+the+set+of+common+criteria++based+on+the+list+above%3B+and+3%29+enrol+into+a+number+of+the+cyberschools++to+assess+their+viability+as+learning+resources.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+cyberschools%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++sites+we+investigated+were+mainly+taken+from+a+list+to+be+found+on+the++Dave%27s+ESL+Caf_+website+%2C+but+we+also+included+other+sites+that+we+came++across+on+the+Web+that+seemed+relevant+to+our+investigation.+Not+all+of++the+sites+on+the+ESL+Cafe+site+were+relevant+or+appropriate%3A+some+were++advertisements+for+traditional+language+schools%2C+and+some+were+part+of++tertiary+credit+courses+and+closed+to+the+general+public.+The+number+of++sites+at+the+Dave%27s+ESL+Cafe+website+that+were+relevant+to+our+research++were%2C+therefore%2C+somewhat+reduced.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+assessment%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFollowing+the+classification+outlined+above%2C+we+carried+out+an+evaluation+of+the+sites+according+to+the+following+criteria%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++site%27s+country+of+origin.+This+is+likely+to+influence+the+kind+of++English+it+teaches.+If+a+student+wants+to+learn+British+English+%28seen+by++many+cultures+as+the+most+desirable+form+of+English%29%2C+the+potential++student+is+more+likely+to+go+to+a+UK+site+than+one+in+the+US%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++equipment+that+a+student+would+need.+The+more+complex+the+equipment%2C++the+greater+the+potential+overall+cost+of+enrolment%2C+which+is+likely+to++affect+the+kind+of+student+capable+of+enrolling%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EAccess+to+a+%E2%80%98real%E2%80%99+teacher+online.+This+is+a+good+indication+of+the+level+of+individualised+instruction+available%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++length+of+the+courses%2C+and+where+possible+the+number+of+lessons+a+week.++This+affects+the+overall+value+of+the+program%3A+the+more+hours+offered%2C++the+cheaper+the+program+should+be%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EWhat++its+syllabus+is+and+whether+or+not+it+has+a+teaching+philosophy.+This++should+be+an+indication+of+the+level+of+professionalism+of+the+teachers++behind+the+web+pages%2C+particularly+if+the+site+expects+students+to+enrol++into+a+course+of+a+defined+length%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++type+of+instruction+offered%3A+for+example+if+there+is+a+business+English++option%2C+or+if+it+concentrates+mainly+on+writing+skills%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+cost.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EEnrolment%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EUrai%2C++the+%E2%80%98learner%E2%80%99+in+our+team%2C+intended+first+to+enrol+into+a+number+of++free+sites%2C+and+then+into+several+fee-paying+sites.+As+will+be+explained++below%2C+the+second+stage+of+the+enrolment+activities+was+not+carried++out.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFindings%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ECyber+schools%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+schools+we+investigated+are+presented+in%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fcallej.org%2Fjournal%2F2-1%2Fmsmith-salam-table.html%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETable+1%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E.+Broadly+speaking%2C+the+websites+in%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fcallej.org%2Fjournal%2F2-1%2Fmsmith-salam-table.html%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETable+1%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ecan+be+divided+into+four+types%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EPages+from+college+or+university+courses%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThere++were+number+of+these+on+the+Dave%27s+ESL+Caf_+site%2C+some+requiring+a++college+student+number+before+they+could+be+accessed.+The+ones+that+are++accessible+to+the+general+public+are+included+in%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fcallej.org%2Fjournal%2F2-1%2Fmsmith-salam-table.html%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETable+1%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%288%2C++9%2C+14%2C+15%29+%28the+numbers+in+brackets+in+the+rest+of+this+paper+refer+to++the+entries+in+Table+1%29.+They+range+from+colleges+in+the+US+to++universities+in+Japan%2C+and+include+a+teacher-training+course+that+takes++the+form+of+an+interchange+between+teacher+trainees+in+the+US+and+ESL++learners+in+Israel.+These+are+interesting+only+to+the+extent+that+they++underline+the+trend+elsewhere+for+sites+that+consist+of+a+range+of++self-access+materials+with+a+teacher+available+in+the+background%2C+to+be++called+on+when+help+is+required.+If+one+of+these+sites+is+open+to+the++general+public%2C+it+is+usually+because+the+outside+students+are+being++used+for+some+form+of+research.+A+good+example+is+Number+34%2C+whose++introductory+pages+contain+the+following+explanation%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++purpose+of+the+project+is+to+explore+and+expand+the+educational++potential+of+Internet+by+offering+free+online+instruction+by+volunteer++teachers+to+students+from+all+over+the+world%2C+in+order%2C+in+part%2C+to++facilitate+the+learning+of+English+by+students+who+might+otherwise+not++have+access+to%2C+or+resources+for%2C+%E2%80%98real+world%E2%80%99+and%2For+paying+classes%3B++and+in+part+to+identify%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ethe+advantages+and+disadvantages+of+online+education+as+compared+to+traditional+in-class+education%2C+and%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ethe+optimal+methods+for+instruction+and+learning+within+the+online+environment.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EOne++cannot+help+wondering+how+many+students+there+are+worldwide+who+%E2%80%98do+not++have+access+to%2C+or+resources+for%2C+real+world+and%2For+paying+classes%E2%80%99%2C++but+do+have+access+to+a+computer%2C+an+Internet+service+provider+and+a++phone+line.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESites+delivering+content%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EVirtually++every+site+in+this+category+calls+itself+an+online+English+course.+This++group+of+sites%2C+however%2C+provides+little+if+any+interaction+between++student+and+software%2C+and+none+at+all+between+student+and+teacher.+Most++of+these+sites+contain+lists+of+information+on+traditional+English++courses+%28see+7%2C+24%29%2C+and+provide+a+small+number+of+language+exercises.++An+example+of+this+category+is+The+Internet+Mini-Course%2C+maintained+by++Helen+Hoyt+Schmidt+%2831%29.+The+website+contains+a+set+of+definitions+and++explanations+about+the+course+Schmidt+is+involved+with%2C+a+number+of++simple+English+tests%2C+and+a+sample+lesson+or+two.+For+reading++comprehension+exercises+the+site+typically+provides+a+reading+text+and++some+comprehension+questions+which+students+must+print+out+and+work+with++offline.+This+would+be+a+useful+resource+for+teachers+in+a+traditional++classroom%2C+but+not+for+students+working+on+their+own%2C+as+there+appear+to++be+no+opportunities+for+having+their+work+corrected.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EInteractive+pages+without+teacher+%E2%80%94+student+communication%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIn++this+category+are+a+number+of+sites+containing+interactive+learning++material+such+as+tests+and+quizzes+%2811%2C+13%2C+24%2C+30%29.+Interactive++material+allows+users%2Fstudents+to+type+input+into+an+on-screen+task+and++receive+immediate+feedback.+An+example+of+this+is+Guide+to+Grammar+and++Writing+%2832%29%2C+which+is+a+comprehensive+reference+to+grammar+and+writing.++Each+learning+module+is+followed+by+interactive+language+exercises+and++quizzes.+By+working+through+these%2C+students+can+test+their+understanding++of+the+learning+modules+previously+provided+by+the+teachers.+Since+this++website+has+a+number+of+JavaScript+routines+embedded+in+it%2C+students++can+get+immediate+feedback+on+their+work.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EEven++though+there+is+no+active+communication+between+the+teacher+and+the++students+on+these+sites%2C+students+can+sometimes+get+forms+of+feedback++that+are+quite+sophisticated%2C+even+to+the+extent+of+being+told+why+what++they%27ve+done+is+wrong+and+what+they+need+to+revisit+in+a+particular++learning+module.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFull-blown+virtual+school%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++schools+in+this+category+are+similar+to+each+other+in+that+they+offer++ongoing+tuition+which+includes+a+facility+to+interact+with+a+teacher+and++%28usually%29+with+other+enrolled+students+via+a+chat-room+or+real-time++online+communication.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThey++do%2C+however%2C+differ+considerably+from+each+other+in+a+number+of+ways.++Some+are+free+%28such+as+24+or+31%29%2C+while+others+debit+a+monthly+fee+from++each+student%27s+credit+card+until+told+to+stop+%2816%29.+Some+offer+a+range++of+languages+apart+from+English%3B+some+provide+regular+weekly+or+monthly++teaching+materials+year-round+%2816%2C+19%2C+22%2C+24%2C+31%2C+33%2C+35%29%2C+while+others++have+discrete+%E2%80%98terms%E2%80%99+and+expect+students+to+log+into+online+tutorials++using+audio+and+video+software+%28the+most+advanced+of+these+is+probably++Number+5+in+Table+1%29.Some+are+technically+quite+demanding%3A+they+expect++students+to+have+a+fast+computer+with+an+audio+card+and+a+video+camera++%285%2C+20%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThese+schools+are+discussed+at+greater+length+in+the+next+section.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EEnrolment%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIt++is+not+as+easy+to+enrol+into+these+sites+as+one+would+at+first+think.++Urai+Salam%2C+our+%E2%80%98learner%E2%80%99%2C+attempted+to+enrol+into+a+number+of+these%2C++with+varying+success.+In+fact+only+two+responded%2C+and+only+one+ever++began+sending+learning+materials.+In+the+light+of+this+experience%2C+we++decided+not+to+enrol+into+any+of+the+cyberschools+that+required+a+cash++payment%3A+we+had+a+growing+fear+that+the+ones+requiring+payment+might++take+our+money+and+never+respond.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETwo++online+courses+we+tried+to+enrol+into+were+very+slow+in+responding.++English+for+the+Internet+%2834%29%2C+for+example%2C+claims+to+offer++comprehensive+learning+modules%3A+English+for+business%2C+English+for++special+purposes%2C+TOEFL+preparation%2C+Chatroom%2C+and+real+time+classes++where+students+around+the+world+log+in+at+a+scheduled+time+to+have+a++%E2%80%98class%E2%80%99+using+free+demo+versions+of+virtual+reality+software+that+they++have+been+told+to+download+from+the+Web.+When+we+subscribed+to+this++course%2C+it+took+two+weeks+before+we+got+a+%28computerised%29+response++apologising+for+the+delay+and+promising+to+contact+us+as+soon+as++possible.+After+two+months+of+waiting%2C+we+were+yet+to+%E2%80%98enrol%E2%80%99%2C+and+at++the+time+of+writing%2C+there+had+still+been+no+response.+We+had+a+similar++experience+with%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EOnline+English_English+as+International+Language+of+Understanding%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%2835%29.++Despite+displaying+a+set+of+very+promising+web+pages%2C+nobody+appeared++to+be+home.+The+only+site+we+were+finally+able+to+enrol+into+was+English++by+E-mail+maintained+by+Elek+Mathe+%2833%29.+When+we+subscribed+to+this++course%2C+the+welcome+email+contained+the+following+paragraph%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EYou%27ll++get+lessons+every+week%3B+sometimes+only+two%2C+sometimes+maybe+four+or++five.+It+depends+on+how+much+time+I+have.+The+answers+will+be+posted+a++few+days+after+the+lessons.+In+a+14-day+period+we+received+12+lessons%2C++six+exercises+and+six+answers+%28see+Appendix+A+for+an+extract+from+one+of++the+emails+that+we+received%29.+Usually+the+teacher+sent+exercises++%28vocabulary%2C+reading%2C+grammar%29+on+one+day%2C+and+on+the+next+day+sent+the++answers+to+the+previous+exercises.+The+lessons+we+received+from%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EEnglish+by+E-mail%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Econsisted++of+question-and-answer+language+sessions%3A+no+explanation%2C+no++discussion.+Initially+we+wondered+why+Mr+Mathe+was+offering+such+a+free++service%2C+until+the+emails+begin+to+arrive%2C+containing+quite+a+lot+of++advertising+%28see+Appendix+A%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EDiscussion%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+schools%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EBy++far+the+largest+group+in+the+survey+were+the+full-blown+virtual++schools.+They+are+perhaps+best+described+in+terms+of+the+following++criteria%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Col%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EDoes+the+school+charge+a+fee+for+enrolment%2C+or+are+the+courses+free%3F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EHow+much+teaching+material+does+the+school+provide%3F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fol%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThis++is+usually+linked+to+whether+the+school+is+free+or+not.+Some+sites++offer+a+lesson+a+week%2C+or+a+lesson+whenever+the+teacher+feels+like++posting+one+%28see+the+email+extract+below%29%2C+while+others+provide+a++complex+set+of+tasks+that+require+students+to+be+working+online+for+a++number+of+hours+a+week+%28see%2C+for+example%2C+23%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Col+start%3D%223%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EHow+much+technical+equipment+and+know-how+is+needed+by+the+student%3F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fol%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMost++do+not+specify+equipment+requirements%2C+which+presumably+means+that+a++web+browser+is+enough.+Others%2C+however%2C+encourage+students+to+utilise++video+and+audio+facilities+linked+to+their+computer.+Clearly%2C+the+more++complex+the+setup%2C+the+more+advanced+a+student%27s+computer+literacy+needs++to+be.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Col+start%3D%224%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EHow+do+the+schools+organise+their+teaching+programs%3F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fol%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESome++schools+run+%E2%80%98terms%E2%80%99+starting+on+specific+days+and+running+for+a+fixed++number+of+weeks%3B+some+are+continuous%2C+offering+materials+whenever+a++student+wants+them%3B+some+require+online+attendance+at+specific+times+and++on+specific+days.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++majority+of+the+schools+we+investigated+offer+a+%E2%80%98course%E2%80%99+of+lessons++followed+by+feedback+from+the+teacher+%288%2C+10%2C+11%2C+16%2C+17%2C+19%2C+29%29.+Some++of+them+offer+a+%E2%80%98conferencing+centre%E2%80%99+which+is+in+essence+an+email++listserver+that+students+can+use+either+for+messages+to+each+other+or++for+the+teacher+to+communicate+to+the+students+%2824%2C+26%2C+30%29.+The+most++ambitious+schools+attempt+to+recreate+the+college+atmosphere+by+offering++semester-long+courses+and+encourage+students+to+have+a+video+camera+and++an+audio+link+to+the+teacher+and+to+the+rest+of+the+%E2%80%98class%E2%80%99+using++Microsoft%27s+NetMeeting+software+%285%2C+20%2C+22%2C+23%2C+28%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThere++are+a+surprising+number+of+blank+squares+in+our+table+%E2%80%94+most+worrying++perhaps+are+the+ones+in+the+%E2%80%98Cost%E2%80%99+column.+We+found+none+with+a+formal++syllabus+posted+on+their+site.+One%2C+Number+28%2C+based+its+courses+round+a++published+textbook%2C+which+could+be+seen+as+a+form+of+syllabus.+Few+even++attempt+to+indicate+that+they+follow+a+particular+a+teaching++philosophy.+It+is+possible+that+we+may+have+missed+some+of+the++information+when+we+searched+the+sites%3B+however%2C+if+we+were+capable+of++missing+them+then+it+is+most+likely+that+potential+students+will+miss++them+too.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EEnrolment+levels%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++level+of+attendance+at+these+cyberschools+is+hard+to+gauge.+Many+of+the++schools+demand+an+up-front+payment+before+enrolment%2C+and+give+no++indication+of+how+big+the+classes+are.+Occasionally+small+clues+betray++the+size+of+their+enrolment%3A+Compuhigh+%2816%29%2C+for+instance%2C+claims+to++have+a+%E2%80%98daily+posting+responding+to+student+questions%E2%80%99+that+is+freely++accessible+to+the+casual+visitor.+On+the+day+we+looked%2C+there+were+four++postings%2C+one+asked+about+how+to+enrol%2C+one+asked+about+how+to+unenrol%2C++one+asked+about+the+content+of+the+program%2C+and+only+one+had+a+genuine++language+question.+Four+responses+to+questions+indicate+the+likelihood++of+a+very+small+number+of+enrolments.+Another+cyberschool+%2830%29%2C+which++claims+to+have+eight-week+%E2%80%98terms%E2%80%99+running+throughout+the+year%2C+has+not++even+bothered+to+post+the+dates+of+its+terms+beyond+May+1999%2C+probably++indicating+no+students+whatsoever.+This+is+presumably+also+true+of+the++two+schools+we+attempted+to+enrol+into%2C+but+which+did+not+respond+to+us.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+practical+problems+of+cyberschooling%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EStudents++face+a+number+of+problems+that+are+inherent+in+the+uses+of+technology++for+distance+learning%3A+in+particular%2C+a+lack+of+computer+literacy%2C+and++the+need+to+maintain+a+sense+of+purpose+%28in+other+words%2C+the+need+for++strong+motivation%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIn+the+cyberschool+arena%2C+these+problems+surface+as%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++need+for+adequate+levels+of+computer+literacy+on+the+part+of+the++students.+The+more+technologically+demanding+a+cyberclassroom+becomes%2C++the+greater+the+number+of+potential+students+there+will+be+who+are+not++able+to+cope+with+the+demands+of+the+equipment.+If+the+concept+of+the++cyberschool+is+that+students+can+work+on+improving+their+English+on++their+own%2C+and+at+whatever+time+they+like%2C+it+is+crucial+that+they+be++able+to+operate+the+equipment+without+having+to+call+on+help+each+time++they+wish+to+use+it.+The+more+advanced+the+technology+becomes%2C+the+more++likely+it+is+that+cyberschooling+will+become+the+restricted+domain+of++the+%E2%80%98cybergeek%E2%80%99+%E2%80%94+typically+a+young+male+whose+main+leisure-time++activity+is+playing+with+and+on+computers.+This+is+hardly+the+clientele++that+the+cyberschool+industry+would+wish+to+end+up+with.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++need+to+maintain+high+levels+of+motivation+on+the+part+of+the+students.++Sandery%27s+comments+quoted+earlier+are+relevant+here%3A+%E2%80%98some+externally++set+deadlines+and+other+structures+may+improve+the+learning+outcomes+for++most+students%E2%80%99.+Outcomes+will+be+enhanced+if+motivation+can+be+kept++high%2C+but+that+is+notoriously+difficult+for+students+working+in++isolation%2C+especially+if+there+are+no+external+deadlines+for+them+to++work+to+or+a+framework+that+helps+them+gauge+their+progress+and+guide++them+onto+the+next+step+in+their+learning.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++timing+of+academic+terms%2Fsemesters%2Ftrimesters+differ+across+the+world%2C++and+so+it+is+often+difficult+to+put+together+an+electronic+class+at+a++date+and+a+time+to+suit+all+participants.+This+is+difficult+enough+for++email+communications%2C+but+it+is+far+more+difficult+for+video-conferenced++classes%2C+as+the+class+depends+on+having+a+group+of+students+sitting+in++front+of+video+cameras+linked+to+computers+for+an+hour+or+more+at+a++specific+time+on+a+specific+day.+A+significant+proportion+of+students++enrolled+into+any+truly+international+web+program+is+likely+to+be++unavailable+at+a+given+time+on+a+given+day.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EDebski++%26amp%3B+Gruba+identify+all+three+of+these+problems+in+the+survey+of++tertiary+instructor+attitudes+that+they+carried+out+in+Melbourne.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMost++of+the+schools+examined+here+do+attempt+to+cope+with+some+of+the+issues++raised+above%3A+if+they+are+unsure+about+the+technology%2C+students+are++encouraged+to+email+for+help%2C+though+they+would+need+to+be+quite++advanced+learners+before+they+were+able+to+describe+their+problem%2C+let++alone+understand+the+instructions+on+how+to+fix+it.+Some+of+the+schools++offer+a+range+of+scheduled+times+for+their+classroom+activities+in+an++attempt+to+cover+different+time+zones%2C+but+this+does+not+overcome+the++problem+of+only+having+a+fraction+of+the+total+student+numbers+available++for+any+one+class.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMotivation++is+an+important+element+in+any+learning+situation.+Warschauer+cites+a++survey+that+he+carried+out+which+indicates+that+using+computers+for++learning+is+motivating+in+itself.+He+identifies+three+factors+that+bring++this+about%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Col%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ecomputers++help+students+fulfil+their+need+to+communicate+with+native+speakers+in++other+countries%2C+with+other+students+and+with+their+teacher%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ecomputers+help+students+overcome+isolation%2C+and+make+it+less+threatening+for+them+to+contact+people%3B+and%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Emany++students+think+that+computers+can+help+them+learn+better+and+more++independently%3A+they+feel+they+have+more+control+of+their+learning+and++have+more+opportunities+to+practise+English.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fol%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIt++should+be+safe+to+assume+that+if+a+student+is+enrolling+into+a++cyberschool+he+or+she+is+already+motivated+by+these+factors.+However%2C+to++maintain+a+student%27s+motivation+to+stay+enrolled+for+any+length+of++time%2C+a+different+set+of+factors+is+required.+Many+of+the+cyberschools++address+this+aspect+of+motivation+by+setting+students+attainable+goals%3A+a++student+is+more+likely+to+stay+online+for+eight+weeks+if+the+class+is++designed+to+last+eight+weeks+%28and+particularly+if+the+student+has+paid++for+all+eight+weeks+up+front%29%2C%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMotivation++is+perhaps+the+hardest+of+all+to+deal+with+at+a+distance%2C+but+it+is++perhaps+the+most+important+of+all+to+overcome+if+students+and+the++cyberschools+are+to+have+successful+outcomes.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ECyberschool%3A+Threat+or+promise%3F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EOn+the+positive+side%2C+a+common+set+of+characteristics+do+appear+to+be+evolving+among+the+more+ambitious+cyberschools.+These+are%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++typical+school+offers+a+number+of+specialised+courses%2C+ranging+from++basic+English+through+English+for+Special+purposes+and+TOEFL++preparation.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EStudents++can+work+on+a+number+of+web+pages+containing+embedded+scripts+that++consist+of+exercises+in+grammar%2C+vocabulary+and+reading%2C+and+on++listening+comprehension+exercises+using+RealAudio.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFor+a+fee%2C+students+can+also+submit+written+work+by+email+to+a+teacher+who+will+email+it+back+with+feedback+on+their+writing.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+school+will+have+a+chatroom+where+students+can+communicate+to+each+other+in+English.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIf++the+school+offers+access+to+teachers+that+consists+of+more+than+simple++marking+of+assignments%2C+the+school+will+work+within+specific+%E2%80%98terms%E2%80%99++that+may+be+four+or+eight+weeks+in+length%2C+and+provide+students+with+a++number+of+%E2%80%98assignments%E2%80%99+that+have+to+be+completed+and+submitted+by++email.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+more+adventurous+schools+will+also+offer+%E2%80%98classes%E2%80%99+using+Microsoft%27s+NetMeeting+software+and+student+video+cameras.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThere++is%2C+however%2C+a+significant+negative+side+as+well%2C+all+of+which++currently+militateO+against+successful+uptake+of+cyberschooling%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ELack+of+a+human+face%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++industry+%28if+it+can+be+called+that+yet%29+has+a+serious+image+problem.++Most+of+the+sites+are+unwelcoming%2C+with+few+graphics+and+only+a++sprinkling+of+images+of+people+that+would+provide+a+human+%E2%80%98face%E2%80%99+to+the++organisation+behind+the+site.+There+is+the+occasional+photograph+of+an++individual+teacher+or+principal%2C+but+otherwise+most+sites+consist+of++pages+of+form-like+exercises+to+fill+in+and+faceless+emails+to+read.+An++exception+to+this+is%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETestDEN%3A+Your+Personal+TOEFL+Trainer%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%2829%29%2C+which+has+a+particularly+lively%2C+approachable+interface.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ELack+of+adequate+information+about+the+schools+and+their+courses%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EAs++we+have+already+discussed%2C+many+of+the+sites+offer+incomplete++information%2C+and+what+there+is+often+hard+to+find.+Some+%281%2C+2%29+offer++little+or+no+information+until+after+student+enrols.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMany++offer+a+set+of+free+exercises+as+a+sample+of+what+is+to+come+once++payment+has+been+made%3A+some+offer+a+free+week%27s+enrolment%2C+but+none++offered+any+kind+of+syllabus+document+that+shows+student+what+they+will++be+studying+and+when.+Even+the+personalised+instruction+offered+by+many++sites+is+not+accompanied+by+examples%2C+which+would+show+potential++students+what+they+can+expect.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EPoor+marketing%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EAs++we+have+indicated+earlier%2C+our+brief+experience+of+cyberschools+leads++us+to+suspect+that+very+few+of+these+cyberschools+have+large+enrolments.++The+very+fact+that+they+do+not+mention+student+numbers+makes+us+think++that+enrolments+must+be+in+the+tens+at+the+most.+Of+course+we+may+be++quite+wrong+about+this+%E2%80%94+there+is+no+way+of+telling.+If+we+are+wrong%2C++then+the+more+successful+sites+are+doing+themselves+a+grave+disservice.++In+most+cases%2C+potential+students+are+asked+to+send+their+credit+card++number+to+a+website+on+the+other+side+of+the+world+with+an+authority+to++withdraw+hundreds+of+dollars.+In+a+number+of+cases%2C+the+authority+is+an++ongoing+one+%E2%80%94+the+site+is+authorised+to+keep+withdrawing+the+same+amount++on+a+regular+basis+until+told+to+stop.+Anyone+who+is+contemplating++giving+total+strangers+this+kind+of+access+to+their+money+will+want+to++know+that+the+organisation+behind+the+school+is+legitimate+and+reliable%2C++and+that+the+service+provided+is+of+good+quality%3A+The+best+way+of++showing+that+is+by+telling+potential+customers+how+many+students+are++currently+enrolled+and+how+many+of+these+have+reenrolled.+Nothing+boosts++confidence+like+an+appearance+of+success.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFurther++examples+of+poor+marketing+skills+are+the+cyberschools+who+offer+little++or+no+information+about+themselves+until+after+a+potential+student+has++sent+details+about+himself.+This+seems+to+be+a+particularly+unwise++strategy+in+the+highly+competitive+web+environment.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EHidden+costs%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EWhen++it+comes+to+paying+for+their+involvement+in+cyberschooling%2C+students++are+likely+to+find+that+there+are+a+number+of+hidden+costs.+Apart+from++the+computer+and+the+software+necessary+to+access+the+Internet+and+to++work+on+written+materials%2C+there+are+also+the+costs+involved+in++purchasing+time+with+an+Internet+service+provider+%28ISP%29%2C+making+the++necessary+phone+calls+to+connect+to+the+ISP+%28relatively+cheap+in++Australia%2C+but+not+necessarily+so+in+other+countries%29%2C+and+in+purchasing++the+additional+equipment+recommended+by+the+cyberschool%2C+such+as+a++sound+card+and+a+video+camera+and+the+associated+hardware%2Fsoftware+to+go++with+it.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThese++are+hidden+costs+that+may+well+put+cyberschooling+beyond+the+financial++reach+of+many+in+the+more+developed+nations%2C+and+well+beyond+the+reach++of+most+in+less+developed+nations.+In+most+cases+it+would+be+cheaper+to++go+to+a+local+language+school+than+to+enrol+into+an+overseas+website.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EConclusion%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EOur++experience+of+cyberschools+has+been+a+rather+disappointing+one.+The++industry+is+still+very+much+in+its+infancy%2C+with+a+significant++proportion+of+sites+in+existence+that+are+little+more+than+teachers%27++personal+web+pages.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++future+viability+of+independent+cyberschools+very+much+depends+on+the++credibility+of+what+they+offer.+It+could+be+said+that+the+ESL%2FEFL++industry+only+became+viable+when+it+began+to+teach+towards++internationally+recognised+standards%3A+the+Cambridge+Certificate%2C+TOEFL++and+IELTS.+None+of+the+cyberschools+that+we+investigated+even+pretended++to+offer+IELTS+or+Cambridge+training%2C+though+a+number+of+them+did+offer++TOEFL+training.+There+is+no+reason+to+believe+that+the+cyberschool++industry+is+going+to+be+any+different+from+the+traditional+language++schools+of+the+1960s.+Until+cyberschools+can+offer+students+an++internationally+recognised+certificate+that+will+open+the+door+to+other++opportunities+in+their+lives+%28typically+higher+education+or+a+better++job%29%2C+there+is+little+likelihood+that+cyberschools+will+be+more+than+the++poor+relations+of+the+language+teaching+industry.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22reference%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EReferences%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EDebski%2C+R.%2C+%26amp%3B+Gruba%2C+P.+%281999%29.+A+qualitative+survey+of+tertiary+instructor+attitudes+towards+project-based+CALL.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EComputer+Assisted+Language+Learning%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%2C+12+%283%29%2C+219-239.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ENBEET+%281996%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+Implications+of+Technology+for+Language+Learning%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%2852%29.+Canberra%3A+National+Board+of+Employment%2C+Education+and+Training.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESandery%2C++P.+%281993%29.+Interactive+Multimedia+Stimulus+Paper.+Unpublished+paper++presented+to+Interactive+Multimedia+Forum+conducted+by+ACT+Department+of++Education+for+the+Curriculum+Corporation.+Canberra.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESperling%2C+D.+%281999%29.+Online+English+courses.+Available%3A+%26lt%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eslcafe.com%2Fsearch%2FOnline_English_Courses%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.eslcafe.com%2Fsearch%2FOnline_English_Courses%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26gt%3B+1+October+1999%5D.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESussex%2C++R.+%281991%29.+Current+issues+in+distance+language+education+and+open++learning%3A+An+overview+and+an+Australian+perspective.+In+G.+L.+Ervin++%28Ed.%29%2C%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EInternational+perspectives+on+foreign+language+education%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%28pp.+177-193%29.+Lincolnwood%2C+Ill%3A+National+Textbook+Company.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETella%2C+S.+%281996%29.+Foreign+languages+and+modern+technology%3A+Harmony+or+hell%3F+In+M.+Warschauer+%28Ed.%29%2C%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETelecollaboration+in+foreign+language+learning%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Hawai%27i+symposium%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%28pp.+4-28%29.+Honolulu%3A+University+of+Hawai%27i+Second+Language+Teaching+%26amp%3B+Curriculum+Center.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EWarschauer%2C+M.+%281996%29.+Motivational+aspects+of+using+computers+for+writing+and+communication.+In+M.+Warschauer+%28Ed.%29%2C%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETelecollaboration+in+foreign+language+learning%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%28pp.+231%29.+Honolulu%3A+University+of+Hawai%27i+Press.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EAuthor%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22bold%22+style%3D%22font-weight%3A+bold%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMike+Smith%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%28%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22mailto%3Am.smith%40hlc.unimelb.edu.au%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Em.smith%40hlc.unimelb.edu.au%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%29++is+a+lecturer+at+the+Horwood+Language+Centre+of+the+University+of++Melbourne%2C+Australia.+He+runs+ESL+programs%2C+and+lectures+on+the+Centre%27s++postgraduate+programs+in+CALL.+He+is+currently+studying+for+a+PhD%2C++investigating+learning+strategies+within+the+CALL+context.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22bold%22+style%3D%22font-weight%3A+bold%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EUrai+Salam%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eis+a+teacher+of+English+as+Foreign+Language+in+the+Language+Development+Unit+at+the+University+of+Tanjungpura+Indonesia+%28%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.untan.ac.id%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.untan.ac.id%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%29.+He+is+currently+studying+for+a+Masters+in+CALL+at+the+Horwood+Language+Centre.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EApendix+A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EExtract+from+an+email+lesson%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThis+an+example+of+materials+from+one+email+lesson+received+from+EnglishLearner.Com+at%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EENGLISH+BY+E-MAIL%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ea+free+service+of+EnglishLearner.Com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%2J%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eby+Elek+Mathe+-%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22mailto%3Aelek%40englishlearner.com%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eelek%40englishlearner.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EYou+are+receiving+this+e-mail+because+you+signed+up+for+it+-+I+never+send+unsolicited+messages+%28spam%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EPlease+tell+a+friend+how+to+subscribe+-+it%27s+free%21%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFor+unsubscription+info%2C+please+see+the+end+of+this+e-mail.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EI%27ll+send+you+the+answers+to+this+lesson+on+Sunday+%2819+September%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EBOOKS+FOR+LEARNERS+OF+ENGLISH%21%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++best+dictionaries%2C+grammar+books+and+vocabulary+lists+at+DISCOUNT++PRICES%21+These+are+the+books+that+all+teachers+of+English+recommend%2C+all++around+the+world%21%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EClick+here%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%2Fbooks%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%2Fbooks%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EADVANCED+VOCABULARY+6%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EExercise+1%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EMatch+the+two+halves+of+the+proverbs+in+the+two+columns.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E1%29+Look+before+A%29+than+words.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E2%29+There+is+no+smoke+B%29+always+blames+his+tools.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E3%29+Actions+speak+louder+C%29+while+the+sun+shines.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E4%29+All%27s+well+D%29+and+spoil+the+child.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E5%29+A+bad+workmen+E%29+is+a+master+of+none.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E6%29+A+Jack+of+all+trades+F%29+that+lays+the+golden+eggs.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E7%29+Make+hay+G%29+without+breaking+the+eggs.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E8%29+Time+and+tide+wait+H%29+you+leap.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E9%29+Spare+the+rod+I%29+from+little+acorns+grow.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E10%29+Great+oaks+J%29+without+fire.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E11%29+Don%27t+kill+the+goose+K%29+for+no+man.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E12%29+You+cannot+make+an+omelet+%28sic%29+L%29+that+ends+well.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETHE+BEST+NEW+CDs+AND+BOOKS+AT+EXCELLENT+PRICES%21%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFind+them+at+at+%28sic%29+the+new%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EENGLISHLEARNER+SHOP%21%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EBuy+products+at+excellent+prices%3A+books%2C+CDs%2C+electronics%2C+gifts+and+more%21+Several+articles+are+only%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%244.95%21%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EPlus%2C+there+are+lots+of+FREE+things%21%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EClick+her%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThese+exercises+were+written+by+Elek+Mathe+%28%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22mailto%3Aelek%40englishlearner.com%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eelek%40englishlearner.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%29.+You+can+use+them+freely+for+educational+purposes+-+business+use+is+forbidden.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EPlease+help+this+free+service+%28it+won%27t+cost+you+anything%29+-+visit%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%2Fhelpsite.html%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%2Fhelpsite.html%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFor+past+interactive+lessons%2C+visit+the+host+site+at%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%2Fonline%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%2Fonline%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETo+subscribe%2C+send+an+empty+e-mail+to%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22mailto%3Alessons-subscribe%40mlm.englishlearner.com%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Elessons-subscribe%40mlm.englishlearner.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETo+unsubscribe%2C+send+an+empty+e-mail+to%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22mailto%3Alessons-unsubscribe%40mlm.englishlearner.com%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Elessons-unsubscribe%40mlm.englishlearner.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIf+you+have+any+questions%2C+contact+the+list+owner%2C+Elek+Mathe+-%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22mailto%3Aelek%40englishlearner.com%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Eelek%40englishlearner.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EApendix+B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EWebsites+discussed+in+the+paper%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThis+an+example+of+materials+from+one+email+lesson+received+from+EnglishLearner.Com+at%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EFrom%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EDave%27s+ESL%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ECaf_+site%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ENumbering+in+the+first+part+of+this+list+%2801-30%29+refers+to+the+entries+in+the+list+at%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22italic%22+style%3D%22font-style%3A+italic%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EDave%27s+ESL%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ECafe+on+1+October+1999%2C+when+the+survey+was+carried+out.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EAny+omitted+entries+were+not+relevant+to+this+survey.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E01+English+Connection%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishconnection.com%2FEConline%2FDefault.htm%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishconnection.com%2FEConline%2FDefault.htm%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E03+Cyberlangues%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyberlangues.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyberlangues.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E05+Ed+USA+Online%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edusaonline.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.edusaonline.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E07+English+Page+-+Free+Online+English+Lessons%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishpage.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishpage.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E08+English+on-line+reading%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfs.nju.edu.cn%2Ftest.htm%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfs.nju.edu.cn%2Ftest.htm%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E09+English+Through+the+Internet%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fmofetsrv.macam98.ac.il%2F%257Eelaine%2F%2Feti%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fmofetsrv.macam98.ac.il%2F%7Eelaine%2F%2Feti%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E10+English+Tuition+Online+-+English+for+your+needs%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arborio.com%2Fenglish%2Fonline.html%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.arborio.com%2Fenglish%2Fonline.html%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E11+English+Online%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishonline.net%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishonline.net%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E12+EnglishSpace%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishspace.ort.org%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishspace.ort.org%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E13+Englishtown%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishtown.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishtown.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E14+Fullerton+College+composition+online%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fstaff-www.fullcoll.edu%2F%257Elkennedy%2FOnline.htm%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fstaff-www.fullcoll.edu%2F%7Elkennedy%2FOnline.htm%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E15+Language+Learning+Forum%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfc.keio.ac.jp%2F%257Ekabune27%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfc.keio.ac.jp%2F%7Ekabune27%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E16+Compuhigh%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fcompuhigh.com%2Finfo%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fcompuhigh.com%2Finfo%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E17+EuroTitle+Email+Course%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurotitle.freeserve.co.uk%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurotitle.freeserve.co.uk%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E19+Knowledge+2000%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Ftoefl.telecampus.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Ftoefl.telecampus.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E20+Web-English%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.aol.com%2Fwebenglis%2Findex.htm%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fmembers.aol.com%2Fwebenglis%2Findex.htm%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E21+Learn2.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.learn2.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.Learn2.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E22+Net+English+teacher%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fhomes.arealcity.com%2Flcnet%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fhomes.arealcity.com%2Flcnet%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E23+NetLearn+Languages+-+The+On-Line+Language+School%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nll.co.uk%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.nll.co.uk%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E24+Study+English+Online+for+Free%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2FAthens%2FOlympus%2F9260%2Fonline.html%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2FAthens%2FOlympus%2F9260%2Fonline.html%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E25+Robinson%27s+Online+English%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fforums.delphi.com%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fforums.delphi.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E26+Roggy%27s+ESLweb%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eslweb.net%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.eslweb.net%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E27+Sat+Caliber%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tescaliber.com%2FOpScr.asp%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.tescaliber.com%2FOpScr.asp%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E28+Surf2School.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surf2school.com%2Fenglish%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.surf2school.com%2Fenglish%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E29+TestDEN%3A+Your+Personal+TOEFL+Trainer%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.testden.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.testden.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E30+The+English+Writing+Academy%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-writing.co.uk%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-writing.co.uk%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph2%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESites+not+from+Dave%27s+ESL+Cafe%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E31+The+Internet+Mini-Course%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.public.iastate.edu%2F%257Ehschmidt%2Fminicourse.html%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.public.iastate.edu%2F%7Ehschmidt%2Fminicourse.html%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E32+Guide+to+Grammar+and+Writing%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwebster.commnet.edu%2FHP%2Fpages%2Fdarling%2Fgrammar.htm%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwebster.commnet.edu%2FHP%2Fpages%2Fdarling%2Fgrammar.htm%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E33+English+by+E-mail%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishlearner.com%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.EnglishLearner.com%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E34+English+for+the+Internet%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.study.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.study.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E35+Online+English%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fscuolaitalia.com%2Fonline-english%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fscuolaitalia.com%2Fonline-english%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding 3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EWorldschool+tutorials%3C%JFspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cul+class%3D%22nomark%22+style%3D%22border-style%3A+dotted%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.2em%3B+list-style-type%3A+none%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cli+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+margin-bottom%3A+0.5em%3B%22%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F.www.worldschool.com%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2F.www.Worldschool.com%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Esource%3A+%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fcallej.org%2Fjournal%2F2-1%2Fmsmith-salam.html%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fcallej.org%2Fjournal%2F2-1%2Fmsmith-salam.html%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E