Evaluating Malaysian Science and Technology undergraduates' reactions towards an online ESP Course

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study++that+traces+the+23+students%27+attitudes+and+reactions+towards+the+online++course+over+a+period+of+six+weeks.+The+findings+reveal+that+the+students++generally+react+positively+towards+the+online+component+and+they+are++interested+and+motivated+to+learn+via+this+mode.+However%2C+there+are+some++problems+that+have+to+be+overcome.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIntroduction%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIn++recent+years%2C+more+and+more+universities+are+designing+and+implementing++online+courses+for+their+distant+and+on-campus+students+and+making+all++or+parts+of+the+required+courses+accessible+online.+In+the+context+of++language+education%2C+online+learning+makes+it+possible+for+learners+to++access+and+learn+a+second+or+a+foreign+language+far+beyond+the++classroom.+Warschauer+%282000%29+goes+a+step+further+by+proposing+that++technology+is+not+just+as+an+aid+for+learning+language+or+writing%2C+but++also+an+important+new+medium+of+literacy+in+its+own+right.+This+means++that+by+developing+electronic+literacy%2C+students+can+learn+to++participate+in+the+English+language-dominated+on-line+world+and+also++carve+out+online+space+for+their+own+language+and+culture.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EOne++important+principle+of+electronic+literacy+is+that+of+learner+autonomy.++Well-known+researchers+have+proposed+that+online+learning+can+be++utilised+as+tools+for+the+development+of+learner+autonomy+%28Little%2C+1996%3B++Warschauer%2C+2000%3B+Shetzer+and+Warschauer%2C+2000%29.+Autonomous+learning+as++one+of+the+most+significant+areas+of+innovation+in+language+education++has+come+of+age+during+1980s+and+1990s.+This+trend+grew+out+of+a++%22widespread+desire+in+the+language+teaching+community+to+develop+means++of+allowing+learners+to+play+a+fuller%2C+more+active+and+participatory++role+in+their+language+study%22+%28Tudor%2C+1996%3A1%29.+Learning+through+an++online+mode+requires+learners+who+are+autonomous+and+know+how+to+access++tools+and+resources+online+and+offline.+Moreover%2C+they+need+to+take++charge+of+their+own+learning+by+working+alone+or+in+collaboration+with++others.+Thus%2C+it+would+appear+that+it+is+possible+to+train+students+to++be+more+autonomous+by+allowing+them+to+participate+in+online+learning++programs.+Little+%281996%29+supports+this+by+suggesting+that+information++systems+have+the+capacity+to+stimulate+and+support+the+development+of++autonomy+in+second+language+learning+through+interactions+with%2C++interactions+around+and+interactions+via+information+systems.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EBackground+to+the+Study%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThang++%282005%2C+2001%29+brought+in+question+the+extent+of+autonomy+of+the++distance-learning+students+of+Universiti+Kebangsaan+Malaysia+%28UKM%29%28the++National+University+of+Malaysia%29%2C+one+of+the+eight+public+universities++in+Malaysia.+Her+study+disclosed+that+the+distance+learners+lacked++autonomy+in+language+learning+and+were+unaware+of+the+processes+involved++in+language+learning.+Moreover%2C+the+findings+of+a+study+by+Thang+and++Azarina+%282004%29+into+the+readiness+of+first-year+on-campus+learners+of++UKM+revealed+that+they+were+not+ready+for+a+totally+autonomous+online++program+and+that+the+movement+in+that+direction+should+be+carried+out+in++stages+beginning+with+a+more+structured+approach+and+moving+towards+a++more+autonomous+one.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIn++view+of+this+need%2C+an+online+course+for+undergraduate+students+of++Science+and+Technology+was+devised+by+an+IRPA+%28Intensified+Research+for++Priority+Areas%29+research+project+team.+The+aim+of+this+course+was+to++help+Science+and+Technology+students+tackle+scientific+texts+by++improving+their+reading+skills+and+strategies.+More+importantly%2C+it+is++hoped+that+this+program+will+in+the+long+run+increase+students%27++autonomy%2C+interest+and+motiv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hile++learners+reported+that+they+found+the+online+course+very+useful%2C++interviews+suggested+that+these+claims+might+have+been+based+on+a++shallow+awareness+of+what+is+involved+in+independent+learning.+The+study++also+highlighted+the+crucial+role+played+by+learners%27+initial++orientation+to+the+self-access+centers+%28SAC%29+and+the+ongoing+support++provided.+Results+also+suggested+that+learners%27+independent+learning++might+at+times+have+been+held+back+by+teacher-directed+activities+or+a++lack+of+knowledge+of+how+to+learn+independently.+They+proposed+that+if++stronger+ties+were+forged+between+class-based+learning+and+independent++learning%2C+learners%27+awareness+of+the+potential+of+the+online+course++might+increase+and+a+different+kind+of+learning+might+occur+there.++Finally%2C+while+the+study+found+that+learners+were+generally+well++disposed+to+the+concept+of+autonomous+learning%2C+they+lacked+a+sensible++understanding+of+the+rationale+behind+this+approach+to+learning%2C+and+of++what+it+involved+in+practice.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ELefever%27s++study+%282004%29+investigated+an+e-learning+environment+used+for+teaching++distance+education+English+courses+at+Iceland+University+of+Education.++The+three+main+components+investigated+were+communication%2C+autonomous++learning+and+cooperative+learning.+Information+and+communication++Technology+%28ICT%29+in+the+form+of+course+websites%2C+Internet+links+and++asynchronous+web-based+tools+was+the+common+factor+in+the+learning++environment.+Students+participating+in+the+program+were+asked+to++evaluate+the+content%2C+organization%2C+and+the+pedagogical+effectiveness+of++the+learning+environment.+The+findings+were+positive+in+general+and++focused+on+how+ICT+generated+more+opportunities+for+student-teacher++communication+and+feedback.+It+also+assisted+students+separated+by++physical+distance+to+work+together+in+their+studies.+Finally%2C+it+also++provided+students+broad+access+to+information+and+resources+and+hence++fostering+learner+autonomy.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EColl%27s++study+%282004%29+examined+the+effects+of+online+learning+for+beginning++Spanish+classes+in+higher+education+in+Shawnee+State+University%2C++Portsmouth%2C+Ohio.+In+this+study%2C+two+first-level+elementary+Spanish++classes+were+compared.+One+class+underwent+listening+and+writing++activities+using+only+audio+compact+discs+whereas+the+other+class+had++the+added+advantage+of+working+on+online+activities+as+homework.+The++students+from+the+two+classes+were+monitored+closely+through+formative++evaluations+until+the+end+of+their+third+level+to+assess+their++acquisition+of+listening%2C+speaking%2C+reading%2C+writing+and+cultural++skills.+The+study+showed+that+the+online+program+benefited+both+students++and+teachers.+Students+in+the+second+class+found+the+language++instruction+more+meaningful+and+varied+and+they+were+interested+and++motivated+to+work+harder+in+and+outside+of+the+classroom+environment.++They+were+also+more+autonomous+learners.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EReports+of+Studies+on+Online+Language+Learning+in+the+Malaysian+Context%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EAzizah++et+al.+%282004%29+investigated+teachers%27+and+students%27+perceptions+of+the++efficiency+of+the+SMART+program+by+using+questionnaires+and+interviews.++The+SMART+School+Education+Program+integrates+teaching+and+learning+with++ICT+applications%2C+which+include+computer-based+teaching+and+web-based++learning.+This+program+started+with+four+subjects%2C+English%2C+Bahasa++Melayu+%28Malaysia%27s+official+language%29%2C+Science+and+Mathematics.+The++findings+showed+that+both+teachers+and+students+were+confident+and+ready++to+accept+learning+English+through+this+method+and+79.5%25+of+the++teachers+felt+comfortable+with+their+new+roles+as+facilitators.+However%2C++they+revealed+that+limitations+in+infrastructure+reduced+the++effectiveness+of+this+mode+of+teaching.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ENadzrah++and+Mickan+%282003%29+looked+into+Form+Two+students%27+perceptions+of+the+use++of+computers+in+one+of+the+SMART+schools+in+Malaysia.+The+data+were++collected+mainly+from+classroom+observations+and+interviews.+The++findings+revealed+that+students%27+attitudes+towards+the+use+of+computers++in+the+Olassroom+were+generally+positive.+They+agreed+that+computer++activities+helped+to+improve+their+proficiency+in+English.+This+was++particularly+so+when+they+were+followed+by+discussions%2C+role-plays+and++presentations.+However%2C+the+study+demonstrated+that+weak+students+were++not+actively+involved+in+the+follow-up+activities.+The+findings+further++showed+that+students+who+lacked+the+necessary+computer+skills+tended+to++have+negative+attitudes+towards+computer+usage.+Despite+the+overall++positive+attitudes+towards+the+computer%2C+it+was+clearly+evident+that+the++students+felt+that+teachers+were+indispensable.+They+generally+felt++that+their+teachers+would+be+able+to+give+better+explanations+than+the++computers%2C+which+to+them+were+%22mere+machines%22.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThang++and+Olaybal+%282004%29+designed+and+implemented+a+Science+in+English++website+for+Secondary+One+students+in+Malaysia.+The+aim+of+this+website++was+to+provide+Science+in+English+resources+tailored+to+the+needs+of+the++Malaysian+Secondary+One+students.+This+website+provided+an+avenue+for++students+to+enrich+and+deepen+their+knowledge+in+science+and+at+the+same++time+enhance+their+English+Language+skills.+The+results+showed+keen++support+for+the+website+from+the+ten+teachers+and+fifty+students+who++tried+out+the+website.+They+found+the+website+beneficial%2C+fun+and++entertaining.+They+also+described+the+website+as+encouraging++self-exploration+and+autonomy.+However%2C+infrastructure+problems%2C+such+as++lack+of+Internet+access+for+a+large+proportion+of+Malaysian+students+at++home+and+limited+access+to+computers+in+schools+hindered+the++effectiveness+of+this+mode+of+learning.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EDescription+of+the+online+ESP+course%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThis%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fpkukmweb.ukm.my%2F%257Eautolearner%2FEST_Modules%2FCourseDesc.htm%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EEnglish+for+Science+and+Technology+course%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%28ZH2042%29++is+compulsory+for+all+first-year+undergraduates+of+the+Faculty+of++Science+and+Technology%2C+UKM+who+obtain+a+minimum+of+bands+3+and+4+in+the++Malaysian+University+English+Test+%28MUET%29.+ZH2042+is+designed+with+the++aim+of+providing+the+Science+and+Technology+undergraduate+students+the++necessary+language+skills+to+deal+with+the+multitude+of+scientific++reading+materials+in+English+and+to+enable+them+to+use+English+in+short++and+extended+writing+and+in+oral+presentations+on+topics+in+various++fields+of+science.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EZH2042++is+a+two-unit+course+with+four+class+hours+per+week+for+fourteen+weeks.++The+online+component+was+an+innovation+to+the+course.+The+subjects+of++the+present+study+was+the+first+group+to+try+out+the+online+ESP+course.++This+online+course+was+designed+to+complement+and+not+to+replace+the++face-to-face%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fpkukmweb.ukm.my%2F%257Eautolearner%2FEST_Modules%2FCourseDesc.htm%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EEnglish+for+Science+and+Technology+course%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E.++The+guided+lessons+and+interactive+exercises+and+activities%2Ftasks+aim++at+helping+students+handle+scientific+materials+in+English+more++effectively.+They+reinforce+what+the+students+learnt+in+class+and+give++them+an+opportunity+to+increase+their+command+of+vocabulary+and+their++ICT+skills.+This+hopefully+will+increase+their+interest+and+motivation++to+read+scientific+texts+on+their+own.+The+ultimate+goal+of+this+project++is+to+create+awareness+among+the+students+on+the+vast+opportunity+for++language+learning+available+on+the+Internet+and+promote+autonomous+and++lifelong+language+learning+among+these+students.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++online+course+comprises+three+components%2C+namely+%28A%29+Online+interactive++modules%2C+%28B%29+Online+web-based+tasks%2C+and+C%29+Oral+presentation.+The++online+course+was+designed+with+the+use+of+the+%27hot+potatoes%27+software%2C++and+the+management+system+used+was+Moodle+-+both+accessible+free+online.++No+sophisticated+software+or+systems+were+used.+This+was+deemed++unnecessary%2C+as+the+purpose+of+this+course+was+not+to+impress+users+with++advanced+technology+but+to+show+that+simple+online+lessons+devised+with++basic+computer+skills+can+enhance+English+Language+learning.+The++website+address+of+the+online+program+is%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-converted-space%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fpkukmweb.ukm.my%2F%257Eautolearner%2F%2F%22+style%3D%22text-decoration%3A+none%3B%22+target%3D%22_blank%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3Ehttp%3A%2F%2Fpkukmweb.ukm.my%2F%7Eautolearner%2F%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESince++the+present+study+only+evaluated+students%27+responses+to+the+online++interactive+modules%2C+the+other+components+will+not+be+described+here.++The+online+interactive+modules+comprise+four+modules.+The+first+three++modules+contain+lessons%2C+exercises+and+reinforcement+activities+in+the++form+of+interactive+tasks.+The+first+module+contains+explanation+on++reading+skills+and+strategies+required+for+effective+reading.+The+skills++and+strategies+taught+include+skimming%2C+scanning%2C+recognizing+main++ideas+and+supporting+ideas%2C+and+note+taking.+The+reinforcement++activities%2Ftasks+include+completing+lists+and+diagrams+like+mind+maps++and+charts.+The+lessons+were+sourced+from+the+Internet+and+the++activities%2Ftasks+prepared+by+the+IRPA+team+members.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++next+module+teaches+general+vocabulary+skills+and+functions+of++reference+words.+The+lessons+and+exercises+for+this+module+were+taken++from+a+course+book+entitled+%22VE1043%3A+Reading+Skills+%28Adul+Aziz+et+al.%2C++1986%29.+This+book+was+written+by+a+group+of+lecturers+from+the+School+of++Language+Studies+and+Linguistics%2C+UKM.+The+third+module+introduces+the++various+methods+of+classifying+scientific+texts.+These+include++classifying%2C+comparing%2C+cause+and+effect%2C+hypothesizing%2C+defining%2C++exemplifying%2C+and+predicting.+The+lessons+and+activities%2Ftasks+were++prepared+by+the+IRPA+team+but+ideas+for+the+materials+were+drawn+from++Zimmerman+%281989%29.+The+last+module+consists+of+five+reading+passages++followed+by+reading+comprehension+questions%2C+exercises+and++activities%2Ftasks+to+reinforce+the+lessons+taught+in+the+first+three++modules.+The+passages+were+taken+from+the+Internet+and+Scientific++magazines.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++lessons%2C+exercises+and+activities%2Ftasks+%28all+hereafter+referred+to+as++lessons+for+convenience%29+in+the+four+modules+were+designed+in+line+with++the+principles+of+learning+theories+applicable+to+online+language++learning.+In+this+section%2C+I+will+provide+some+examples+of+how+the++online+modules+utilize+these+principles.+For+example%2C+in+general%2C+the++modules+adhere+to+the+principles+of+behaviourism+by+providing+immediate++feedback+to+the+lessons+so+that+learners+can+evaluate+and+assess+their++progress.+Besides+that%2C+the+materials+are+designed+sequentially+from++easy+to+difficult.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EIn++accordance+with+the+cognitivism+principle+that+recommends+the++accommodation+of+students%27+different+learning+styles%2C+abilities+and++interests%2C+the+online+course+allows+students+to+choose+the+lessons+they++prefer+to+attempt+first+and+to+leave+out+those+they+do+not+like+%28though+a++few+lessons+were+made+compulsory%29.+This+fosters+autonomy+which+is+line++with+the+principles+of+Constructivism.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++lessons+on+reading+skills+and+strategies+abide+by+the+principle+of++cognitivism+that+recommends+the+organization+of+materials+in+the+form+of++mind+maps+to+show+major+concepts+in+a+topic+and+the+relationship++between+them.+In+addition%2C+students+are+provided+with+authentic++scientific+materials+that+can+help+to+increase+metacognitive+awareness++of+the+learning+process%2C+as+well+as+encourage+applications+of+knowledge++in+different+and+in+real-life+situations.+Finally%2C+the+email+exchanges++and+the+online+forums+give+students+an+opportunity+to+engage+in+an++active+dialogue+with+their+peers+and+instructor.+This+will+provide+the++necessary+feedback+for+instructors+to+further+improve+the+course+and++have+a+better+understanding+of+the+needs+and+requirements+of+the++learners.+Thus%2C+learning+will+be+situated+and+contextualised+according++to+the+principles+of+Constructivism.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe+Research+Methods%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++present+study+combined+quantitative+and+qualitative+approaches.+The++quantitative+component+was+in+the+form+of+multiple-choice+items+in+an++online+questionnaire+%28QEPC%29+that+evaluated+students%27+responses+to+a++passage+entitled+%22Copper%22+%28which+was+one+of+the+passages+in+Module++Four%29.+The+qualitative+component+was+in+the+form+of+an+online+forum+and++open-ended+items+in+the+QEPC.+As+pointed+out+by+Denzin+%281970%29+using+a++combination+of+approaches+to+assess+the+same+research+problem+will++improve+the+claim+on+the+validity+of+the+attained+conclusions+since+data++are+more+valid+if+generated+by+more+than+one+technique.+If+the+data++gathered+by+the+two+different+approaches+are+consistent%2C+they+should+be++integrated+with+one+another.+This+will+increase+the+validity+and++generalizability+of+the+data.+However%2C+if+the+data+cannot+be+easily++integrated+than+further+investigation+should+be+considered+to+find+out++the+reasons+for+the+inconsistencies.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ESubjects%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThis++study+traced+the+responses+of+twenty-three+students+towards+the+online++interactive+modules+over+a+period+of+six+weeks.+The+subjects+were++first-year+undergraduates+enrolled+in+an+English+for+Science+and++Technology+course+in+UKM.+Subjects+comprised+two+males+and+twenty-one++females+aged+between+twenty-one+and+thirty-+one+except+for+one+who+was++above+thirty-one.+There+were+equal+number+of+Malays+and+Chinese++students.+The+students+were+generally+of+average+proficiency+level+in++English.+Eighteen+out+of+twenty-one+of+them+scored+bands+3+and+4+in+the++Malaysian+University+English+Test+%28MUET%29.+Learners+in+these+bands+are++classified+as+%22modest%22+and+%22competent+users%22+according+to+the+MUET++scale.+The+other+three+students+scored+band+5+%28classified+as+%22good++users%22%29.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ETraining+Procedures%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++students+were+given+two+training+sessions+to+familiarize+them+with+the++online+interactive+modules.+In+the+first+training+session+they+were++introduced+to+the+various+modules+and+taught+how+to+utilize+them.+The++students+were+allowed+a+certain+degree+of+independence+in+that+they+were++asked+to+undertake+the+online+lessons+during+their+free+time+outside++class+hours.+However%2C+they+were+told+that+they+had+to+complete+certain++sections+of+the+online+modules+and+submit+them+online+for+assessment.+No++time+frame+was+given+in+order+to+allow+for+flexibility+and+autonomy.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EDuring++the+second+training+session%2C+the+students+were+encouraged+to+talk+about++the+problems+encountered+while+trying+out+the+online+lessons.+Most+of++the+students+expressed+unhappiness+over+the+fact+that+they+had+to+fork++out+money+to+perform+the+online+lessons+in+the+UKM+main+library+and++cyber+cafes.+To+ease+their+burden%2C+students+were+then+offered+the++opportunity+to+access+the+Internet+free-of-charge+for+three+hours+every++Wednesday+from+2+pm+to+5+pm+in+the+computer+laboratory+at+the+School+of++Language+Studies+and+Linguistics%2C+UKM.+A+facilitator+was+present+at++these+sessions+to+solve+any+arising+technical+problems+or+to+answer+any++questions+regarding+their+online+modules.+The+students+were+also++encouraged+to+participate+in+the+online+forum+and+to+email+their++instructor+if+they+had+any+problems+regarding+the+course.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EData+Collection+and+Analysis+Procedures%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EStudents%27+attitudes+and+reactions+towards+this+online+course+were+collected+in+two+ways%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%281%29+Students%27+responses+to+the+online+forum%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EStudents++were+invited+to+submit+their+views+regarding+the+online+course+to+an++online+forum.+Here%2C+they+could+post+their+opinions%2C+problems+and++suggestions+for+improving+the+online+modules.+In+addition%2C+they+could++reply+to+their+classmates%27+messages+or+difficulties.+Participation+was++not+obligatory+but+encouraged.+The+responses+to+the+forum+were+analyzed++qualitatively+by+looking+for+pattern+of+communalities.%C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em+2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3E%282%29+Evaluation+of+the+passage+%22Copper%22%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh4%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++online+QEPC+for+the+online+passage+consisted+of+both+multiple-choice++items+and+open-ended+items.+The+QEPC+was+designed+to+collect+data+on+the++students%27+opinions+of+the+contents+as+well+as+the+format+of+the+passage++%28see+Appendix+I+for+a+sample+questionnaire%29.+The+multiple-choice+items++were+analyzed+quantitatively+by+percentage+counts+and+the+open-ended++items+were+used+to+support+the+quantitative+data+where+applicable.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EStudents%27+Responses+to+the+Online+Forum%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++feedback+received+can+be+classified+into+three+main+types%2C+namely+the++students%27+opinions%2C+the+problems+they+faced+while+performing+the+online++lessons+and+their+suggestions+for+improvements.+The+finding+revealed++that+fourteen+out+of+twenty-three+students+%28i.e.+60.9%25%29+participated+in++the+forum.+All+of+them+had+positive+opinions+regarding+the+online++course.+Their+positive+comments+ranged+from+tentative+remarks+like+the++course+was+%27quite+good%27%2C+%27quite+ok%27+and+%27quite+interesting+and+unique%27%2C++and+%27informative%27%2C+to+more+encouraging+ones+like+%27helpful+indeed%27%2C++%27certainly+useful%27+and+%27flexible%27%2C+to+remarks+that+showed+strong++approval+such+as%3A+%27%E2%80%A6well+done%21%21+Keep+up+with+the+good+jobs%21%21%21%21++Thanks%E2%80%A6.%27%2C+%27%E2%80%A6so+I+hope+this+online+course+will+last+forever.%27%2C+and++%27anyway+thanks+a+lot+for+the+effort+u+have+make+it+done%21%27.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ENine++of+them+%2864%25%29+indicated+that+the+online+lessons+helped+them+to+improve++their+English+and+computer+skills.+Some+of+their+comments+were%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E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%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++results+derived+from+the+online+forum+and+the+evaluation+of+the+passage++on+%22Copper%27+are+very+encouraging.+It+clearly+shows+that+almost+all+the++learners+have+a+favorable+opinion+of+the+online+passage.+They+feel+that++the+passage+equip+them+not+only+with+the+necessary+reading+skills+and++strategies+but+also+computer+skills.+Moreover%2C+they+find+online+learning++of+English+fun%2C+entertaining+and+flexible.+These+findings+are+in+line++with+those+of+Lefever+%282004%29%2C+Coll+%282004%29%2C+Azizah+et+al.+%282004%29%2C+Nadzrah++and+Micken+%282003%29+and+Thang+and+Olaybay+%282004%29.+The+students+also++express+interest+and+motivation+to+learn+via+this+mode.+Some+of+them++also+appear+to+enjoy+the+freedom+of+learning+on+their+own.+More++importantly%2C+to+many+of+these+students%2C+online+learning+offers+an++environment+that+is+non-threatening+and+away+from+the+pressure+of+a++face-to-face+classroom+situation.+Koo+et+al.+%282005%29+posits+that+social++cultural-factors+such+as+fear+of+being+laughed+at+by+peer+groups+and+by++the+larger+ethnic+group+to+which+they+belong+may+hinder+effective++learning+of+English+among+students+who+are+not+confident+in+English.++Thus%2C+the+students%27+strong+approval+of+this+online+component+may+be+due++to+the+fact+that+it+offers+them+an+opportunity+to+escape+from+having+to++expose+their+lack+of+proficiency+in+English+in+front+of+their+peers+and++their+teacher.+As+one+of+the+students+puts+it+aptly%3A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cblockquote%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EI++always+find+many+problem+in+learning+English+such+as+pronouncing+the++words.+I+can%27t+speak+English+confidently+and+loudly+in+class.+I+feel++most+pressure+every+morning+and+Tuesday+because+there+are+EST+lesson+on++this+both+day.+Fortunately%2C+I+present+every+lessons+and+never+think+to++skip+out+all+of+theses.+With+the+online+courses%2C+I+have+already+find+the++freedom%E2%80%A6to+learn+more+and+gain+more+knowledge.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fblockquote%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++highly+positive+feedback+of+the+students+towards+the+passage+%27Copper%27++reiterates+their+strong+support+for+this+mode+of+learning.+The+forum++discussion+reveals+two+main+infrastructure+problems+that+is+difficulty++in+accessing+the+online+component+and+inaccessibility+to+computers.+The++first+problem+can+be+easily+reduced+by+providing+an+alternative+means+of++accessing+the+materials+such+as+providing+a+CD+to+each+student.++However%2C+the+second+problem+cannot+be+easily+resolved.+Azizah+et+al.++%282004%29+and+Thang+and+Olaybal+%282004%29+also+found+that+limitations+in++infrastructure+deter+the+effectiveness+of+online+learning.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3+style%3D%22border-style%3A+solid%3B+border-width%3A+0em+0em+0.05em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0em+0.1em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EConclusion%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3EThe++highly+favorable+responses+of+the+EST+students+to+online+learning++suggest+its+potential+for+the+teaching+and+learning+of+languages+and+its++wider+implication+for+learners%2C+language+teachers+and+researchers.++However%2C+caution+must+be+exercised+in+interpreting+the+results+as++Cotterall+and+Reinders+%282001%29+pointed+out+students%27+positive+attitudes++could+be+due+to+a+shallow+awareness+of+what+independent+learning++involved+and+a+lack+of+understanding+of+the+rationale+behind+autonomous++learning.+Thus%2C+further+research+need+to+be+undertaken+to+determine+the++reliability+and+validity+of+the+results.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+1.3em%3B+padding%3A+0em+0.2em%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22color%3A+red%3B%22%3ENonetheless%2C++the+study+does+suggest+that+it+is+timely+to+consider+introducing+online++learning+to+the+teaching+and+learning+of+ESP+courses+in+UKM%2C+and++possibly+to+other+public+universities+too.+However%2C+before+this+can+be++done%2C+the+problems+associated+with+the+website+and+implementation+of++online+learning+on+a+larger+scale+have+to+be+resolved+first.+Problems%2C++such+as+lack+of+computer+skills+among+the+students+can+be+easily++rectified+but+more+serious+problems+such+as+lack+of+the+necessary++infrastructure+support+cannot+be+overcome+unless+the+relevant++authorities+step+in.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22reference%22+style%3D%22margin%3A+0em+0em+3em%3B%22%3E%0D%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