Developing Effective TEFL Course with WebCT

%3Ch3+class%3D%22post-title+entry-title%22%3E%0D%0A+Developing+Effective+TEFL+Course+with+WebCT+%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22post-header%22%3E%0D%0A++%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22outline%22%3E%0D%0A+++++++%3Cdiv+class%3D%22journal%22%3E%0D%0A+++%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EISSN+1442-438X%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3ECALL-EJ+Online%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EVol.+7%2C+No.1%2C+June+2005%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22outline%22%3E%0D%0A++%3Cdiv+class%3D%22title%22%3E%0D%0A+%3Ch2+align%3D%22center%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fh2%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22right%22+class%3D%22author%22%3E%0D%0A+%3Cul%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3E%3Cb%3ENazmi+Abdul-Salam+Al-Masri%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3E%3Ca+href%3D%22mailto%3Anmasri%40mail.iugaza.edu%22%3Enmasri%40mail.iugaza.edu%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EThe+Islamic+University+of+Ghasa%2C+Palestine%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3Ch3%3E%0D%0AAbstract%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0AOne+of+the+commonly++used+learning+management+systems+that+can++facilitate+++++the++teaching-learning+process+is+the+WebCT+%28Web+Course+Tool%29.+The++WebCT++++++has+several+tools+%28such+as+email%2C+discussion+board+and+links%29.+This+++paper+++++discusses+how+different+WebCT+tools+can+be+used+to+develop+an+++effective+++++TEFL+%28Teaching+English+as+a+Foreign+Language%29+course+for++fourth-level++++++students+specialized+in+English.+A+questionnaire+was++used+to+explore++the+++++participants%E2%80%99+interest+in+using+WebCT%3B+to++identify+the+main+technical++++++difficulties+facing+participants+using++WebCT+and+to+investigate+how++WebCT+++++can+influence+affective+and++pedagogical+factors+that+play+a+key+role++in+++++learning+efficiently++and+effectively.+%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22article%22%3E%0D%0A++++%3Ch3%3E%0D%0AIntroduction%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0AIn++recent+years%2C+hundreds+of+universities+have+developed++Internet-based++++++courses+using+one+learning+management+system+or+another+for+either++++++delivering+distance+learning+courses+or+supplementing+teaching+++classes+on+++++campus.+As+any+other+teaching+tools+or+methods%2C+using++Internet-based+++++learning+has+several+advantages+and+disadvantages++that+can+be++summarized+++++as+follows.%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22article%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ch3%3E%0D%0AAdvantages+of+Internet-based+learning+%3Col%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EIt++supports+the+delivery+and+use+of+multimedia+elements%2C+such+as++sound%2C++++video%2C+and+interactive+hypermedia+%28McNeil%2C+Robin+%26amp%3B+Miller%2C+2000+++cited+++in+Burgess%2C+2003%29.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EIt+can+provide+flexible+and+convenient+learning+schedules+++++++that++can+overcome+some+traditional+barriers+such+as+time+and+++++++place.+%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EA+student+can+study+independently+online+or+take+an++++++++instructor-led+online+class%2C+which+combines+the+benefits+of++++++++self-study+with+those+of+more+traditional+classroom-based+++++++learning++%28Ryan%2C+2001+cited+in+Burgess+2003%29.+%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EIt+allows+access+to+global+resources+and+experts.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fol%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22article%22%3E%0D%0A++++%3Ch3%3E%0D%0ADisadvantages+of+Internet-based+learning%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0A%3Col%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EThere+is+little+or+no+direct+contact+with+the+faculty+member.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EIt+may+develop+feelings+of+isolation.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EIt+has+a+difficult+learning+curve+in+how+to+navigate+within+the++system.+%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EIt+may+lead+problems+with+the+technology.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EIt+increases+lead-time+required+for+feedback+regarding++assignments+++++++%28Smallwood+and+Zargari%2C+2001+in+Burgess%2C+2003%29.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3EIt+needs+the+use+of+hardware+and+software+necessary+for++++++++Internet-based+learning+which+might+not+be+available.++%28Burgess%2C++2003%29.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fol%3E%0D%0AThe+effect+of+these+advantages+and+disadvantages+may+differ+from+++one+teaching+context+to+another%2C+depending+on+various+factors+such+as++the+learning++management+systems+%28software%29+adopted%2C+student+number%2C++course+content+and+purpose.+One+of+these+commonly-used+and+promising++learning+management+systems+is+WebCT+%28Web+Course+Tools%29+which+has++recently+begun+to+catch+the+attention+of+more+studies+%28e.g.+Al-Ayyat%2C++2003%3B+Burgess%2C+2003%3B+Murphy+and+Lindner%2C+200%3F%3B+Pauley%2C+2000%3B+%26amp%3B++Tittenberger+and+Nazarko%2C+2003%29.+Most+of+these+studies+explore+two+main++issues%3A+technical+difficulties+facing+WebCT++users+and+students%E2%80%99++perceptions+to+WebCT.+One+of+the+areas+that+such+studies+have+not++investigated+is+how+certain+WebCT+tools+can+be+used+to++supplement++English+language+courses+taught+on+campus.+Another+area+of+concern+is+++how+WebCT+can+influence+the+affective+and+pedagogical+factors+needed+for+++learning+the+language+efficiently+and+effectively.%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22article%22%3E%0D%0A++++%3Ch3%3E%0D%0AIntegrating+WebCT+tools+into+the+TEFL+course%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0AWebCT+has+more+than+twenty+tools+that+can+all+be+used+to+enhance+++campus+++++learning+and+facilitate+full-distance+learning+courses.++Appendix+%28A%29++outlines+++++the+main+WebCT+tools+and+their+functions.++Which+tools+to+choose+for++teaching+++++a+particular+course+depends+on++the+content%2C+requirements+and++components+of+++++the+course+to+be+taught++as+well+as+technical+factors+related+to++accessibility.+++++In+the++context+of+this+study%2C+ten+suitable+WebCT+tools+%28listed+in++Appendix+B%29++++++are+activated+to+enhance+the+quality+of+the+TEFL+course+which+was+++given+to+++++undergraduate+English+language+students+studying+at+the++Islamic++University+++++of+Gaza%2C+Palestine.+The+TEFL+course+covers++several+topics+related+to++preparing+++++students+to+teach+English+as+a++foreign+language.+Appendix+%28C%29+lists++these+++++topics+as+well+as+the++aims%2C+outcomes+of+the+course.%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22article%22%3E%0D%0A++++%3Ch3%3E%0D%0AStudy+Purposes%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0AThis+study+intends+to+achieve+the+following+purposes%3A%0D%0A%3Col%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3ETo+describe+and+explore+students%E2%80%99+interest+in+and+familiarity++with+++++++using+WebCT+as+a+supportive+tool+to+on-campus+classes.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3ETo+identify+the+main+difficulties+related+to+using+WebCT+in+a+++course+++++++entitled+TEFL+%28Teaching+English+as+a+Foreign+Language%29.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3Cli%3ETo+explore+to+what+extent+WebCT+can+affect+several+affective+and+++++++++pedagogical+factors+that+play+a+key+role+to+in+acquiring+essential+++skills+++++++of+learning+and+teaching+English.%3C%2Fli%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fol%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22article%22%3E%0D%0A++++%3Ch3%3E%0D%0AAffective+and+pedagogical+factors%3C%2Fh3%3E%0D%0AAlthough++there+is+no+general+agreement+on+specific+definition+of++affective++++++factors%2C+many+educators+agree+on+the+importance+of+these+factors+in+++language+++++learning.+In+one+of+his+Ph.D.+thesis+articles+%E2%80%98Literature++Review%3A++Affect+in+++++Language+Learning%E2%80%99%2C+Finch+%282000%29+reports+that%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22%3E%0D%0A+++++%E2%80%9CStern%27s+claim++that+%E2%80%98the+affective+component+contributes+at+least++as+much+and+often++more+to+language+learning+than+the+cognitive+skills%E2%80%99+is++supported+by+a++large+body+of+recent+cross-disciplinary+research+showing+that++affective++variables+have+significant+influence+on+language+achievement+%28e.g.+++Gardner+1985%3B+Skehan+1989%3B+Spolsky+1989%3B+Gardner+%26amp%3B+MacIntyre+1992%3B++1993a%3B%29%E2%80%9D%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0AAccording+to+Finch+%282000%29%2C%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22%3E%0D%0A++++Arnold+%26amp%3B++Brown+%281999%29+provide+a+more+contemporary+perspective++from+the+view+of++the+language+learner+as+an+individual+%28anxiety%2C+inhibition%2C++extroversion%2Fintroversion%2C+self-esteem%2C+motivation+++%5Bextrinsic%2Fintrinsic%5D%2C+learner+styles%29+and+as+a+participant+in+a++socio-cultural+situation++%28empathy%2C+classroom+transactions%2C++cross-cultural+processes%29.+These+two+articles++will+be+used+here+as+the++basis+for+discussion+and+the+reader+is+referred+to+them+for+a+more++detailed+examination+of+the+issues%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0AFinch+%282000%29+adds+that%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22chapter%22%3E%0D%0A+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22paragraph%22%3E%0D%0A+++++Arnold+%28Ed.1999%29++defines+affect+in+terms+of+%E2%80%98aspects+of+emotion%2C++++++feeling%2C+mood+or++attitude+which+condition+behaviour%E2%80%99%2C+while++Dickinson++++++%281987%2C+p25%29++describes+it+as+being+concerned+with+the+learner%27s++attitude+++++++towards+the+target+language+and+users+of+it%2C+and+with+his%2Fher++emotional+++++++responses%E2%80%9D.%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0AScovel+%281978%2C+p31%29+defines+affective+variables+as+%22those+that+deal+++with+the+++++emotional+reactions+and+motivations+of+the+learner%3B+they++signal+the++arousal+++++of+the+limbic+system+and+its+direct+intervention++in+the+task+of++learning%22.+%0D%0AIn+the+light+of+studies+discussed+above%2C+affective+factors+are++used++here+++++to+refer+to+ten+psychological+and+motivational+factors++essential+for+++++successful+learning%3A+interest%2C+self-confidence%2C++motivation%2C++confidence+in+++++teacher%2C+autonomy%2Findependence%2C++excitement%2C+attitude%2C+patience+and+++++perseverance%2C+interpersonal++friendship%2C+and+anxiety+and+tension.%0D%0APedago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